DP8570A
DP8570A Timer Clock Peripheral (TCP)
Literature Number: SNAS557
TL/F/8638
DP8570A Timer Clock Peripheral (TCP)
May 1993
DP8570A Timer Clock Peripheral (TCP)
General Description
The DP8570A is intended for use in microprocessor based
systems where information is required for multi-tasking, data
logging or general time of day/date information. This device
is implemented in low voltage silicon gate microCMOS tech-
nology to provide low standby power in battery back-up en-
vironments. The circuit’s architecture is such that it looks
like a contiguous block of memory or I/O ports. The address
space is organized as 2 software selectable pages of 32
bytes. This includes the Control Registers, the Clock Coun-
ters, the Alarm Compare RAM, the Timers and their data
RAM, and the Time Save RAM. Any of the RAM locations
that are not being used for their intended purpose may be
used as general purpose CMOS RAM.
Time and date are maintained from 1/100 of a second to
year and leap year in a BCD format, 12 or 24 hour modes.
Day of week, day of month and day of year counters are
provided. Time is controlled by an on-chip crystal oscillator
requiring only the addition of the crystal and two capacitors.
The choice of crystal frequency is program selectable.
Two independent multifunction 10 MHz 16-bit timers are
provided. These timers operate in four modes. Each has its
own prescaler and can select any of 8 possible clock inputs.
Thus, by programming the input clocks and the timer coun-
ter values a very wide range of timing durations can be
achieved. The range is from about 400 ns (4.915 MHz oscil-
lator) to 65,535 seconds (18 hrs., 12 min.).
Power failure logic and control functions have been integrat-
ed on chip. This logic is used by the TCP to issue a power fail
interrupt, and lock out the mp interface. The time power fails
may be logged into RAM automatically when VBB lVCC.
Additionally, two supply pins are provided. When VBB l
VCC, internal circuitry will automatically switch from the main
supply to the battery supply. Status bits are provided to indi-
cate initial application of battery power, system power, and
low battery detect. (Continued)
Features
YFull function real time clock/calendar
Ð 12/24 hour mode timekeeping
Ð Day of week and day of years counters
Ð Four selectable oscillator frequencies
Ð Parallel Resonant Oscillator
YTwo 16-bit timers
Ð 10 MHz external clock frequency
Ð Programmable multi-function output
Ð Flexible re-trigger facilities
YPower fail features
Ð Internal power supply switch to external battery
Ð Power Supply Bus glitch protection
Ð Automatic log of time into RAM at power failure
YOn-chip interrupt structure
Ð Periodic, alarm, timer and power fail interrupts
YUp to 44 bytes of CMOS RAM
YINTR/MFO/T1 pins programmable High/Low and push-
pull or open drain
Block Diagram
TL/F/86381
FIGURE 1
TRI-STATEÉis a registered trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation.
C1995 National Semiconductor Corporation RRD-B30M75/Printed in U. S. A.
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Notes1&2)
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,
please contact the National Semiconductor Sales
Office/Distributors for availability and specifications.
Supply Voltage (VCC)b0.5V to a7.0V
DC Input Voltage (VIN)b0.5V to VCC a0.5V
DC Output Voltage (VOUT)b0.5V to VCC a0.5V
Storage Temperature Range b65§Ctoa
150§C
Power Dissipation (PD) 500 mW
Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec.) 260§C
Operation Conditions
Min Max Unit
Supply Voltage (VCC) (Note 3) 4.5 5.5 V
Supply Voltage (VBB) (Note 3) 2.2 VCCb0.4 V
DC Input or Output Voltage 0.0 VCC V
(VIN,V
OUT)
Operation Temperature (TA)b40 a85 §C
Electr-Static Discharge Rating TBD 1 kV
Transistor Count 15,200
Typical Values
iJA DIP Board e45§C/W
Socket e50§C/W
iJA PLCC Board e77§C/W
Socket e85§C/W
DC Electrical Characteristics
VCC e5V g10%, VBB e3V, VPFAIL lVIH,C
Le100 pF (unless otherwise specified)
Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Max Units
VIH High Level Input Voltage Any Inputs Except OSC IN, 2.0 V
(Note 4) OSC IN with External Clock VBB b0.1 V
VIL Low Level Input Voltage All Inputs Except OSC IN 0.8 V
OSC IN with External Clock 0.1 V
VOH High Level Output Voltage IOUT eb
20 mAV
CC b0.1 V
(Excluding OSC OUT) IOUT eb
4.0 mA 3.5 V
VOL Low Level Output Voltage IOUT e20 mA 0.1 V
(Excluding OSC OUT) IOUT e4.0 mA 0.25 V
IIN Input Current (Except OSC IN) VIN eVCC or GND g1.0 mA
IOZ Output TRI-STATEÉCurrent VOUT eVCC or GND g5.0 mA
ILKG Output High Leakage Current VOUT eVCC or GND g5.0 mA
T1, MFO, INTR Pins Outputs Open Drain
ICC Quiescent Supply Current FOSC e32.768 kHz
(Note 7) VIN eVCC or GND (Note 5) 260 mA
VIN eVCC or GND (Note 6) 1.0 mA
VIN eVIH or VIL (Note 6) 12.0 mA
FOSC e4.194304 MHz or
4.9152 MHz
VIN eVCC or GND (Note 6) 8 mA
VIN eVIH or VIL (Note 6) 20 mA
ICC Quiescent Supply Current VBB eGND
(Single Supply Mode) VIN eVCC or GND
(Note 7) FOSC e32.768 kHz 80 mA
FOSC e4.9152 MHz or 7.5 mA
4.194304 MHz
IBB Standby Mode Battery VCC eGND
Supply Current OSC OUT eOpen Circuit,
(Note 8) Other Pins eGND
FOSC e32.768 kHz 10 mA
FOSC e4.9152 MHz or 400 mA
4.194304 MHz
IBLK Battery Supply Leakage 2.2V sVBB s4.0V
Other Pins at GND
VCC eGND, VBB e4.0V 1.5 mA
VCC e5.5V, VBB e2.2V b5mA
Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings are those values beyond which damage to the device may occur.
Note 2: Unless otherwise specified all voltages are referenced to ground.
Note 3: For FOSC e4.194304 or 4.9152 MHz, VBB minimum e2.8V. In battery backed mode, VBB sVCC b0.4V.
Single Supply Mode: Data retention voltage is 2.2V min.
In single Supply Mode (Power connected to VCC pin) 4.5V sVCC s5.5V.
Note 4: This parameter (VIH) is not tested on all pins at the same time.
Note 5: This specification tests ICC with all power fail circuitry disabled, by setting D7 of Interrupt Control Register 1 to 0.
Note 6: This specification tests ICC with all power fail circuitry enabled, by setting D7 of Interrupt Control Register 1 to 1.
Note 7: This specification is tested with both the timers and OSC IN driven by a signal generator. Contents of the Test Register e00(H), the MFO pin is not
configured as buffered oscillator out and MFO, T1, INTR, are configured as open drain.
Note 8: This specification is tested with both the timers off, and only OSC IN is driven by a signal generator. Contents of the Test Register e00(H) and the MFO
pin is not configured as buffered oscillator out.
2
AC Electrical Characteristics
VCC e5V g10%, VBB e3V, VPFAIL lVIH,C
Le100 pF (unless otherwise specified)
Symbol Parameter Min Max Units
READ TIMING
tAR Address Valid Prior to Read Strobe 20 ns
tRW Read Strobe Width (Note 9) 80 ns
tCD Chip Select to Data Valid Time 80 ns
tRAH Address Hold after Read (Note 10) 3 ns
tRD Read Strobe to Valid Data 70 ns
tDZ Read or Chip Select to TRI-STATE 60 ns
tRCH Chip Select Hold after Read Strobe 0 ns
tDS Minimum Inactive Time between Read or Write Accesses 50 ns
WRITE TIMING
tAW Address Valid before Write Strobe 20 ns
tWAH Address Hold after Write Strobe (Note 10) 3 ns
tCW Chip Select to End of Write Strobe 90 ns
tWW Write Strobe Width (Note 11) 80 ns
tDW Data Valid to End of Write Strobe 50 ns
tWDH Data Hold after Write Strobe (Note 10) 3 ns
tWCH Chip Select Hold after Write Strobe 0 ns
TIMER 0/TIMER 1 TIMING
FTCK Input Frequency Range DC 10 MHz
tCK Propagation Delay Clock to Output Þ120 ns
tGO Propagation Delay G0 to G1 100 ns
to Timer Output (Note 12) O
tPGW Pulse Width G0 or G1 É(Note 12) 25 ns
tGS Setup Time, G0, G1 to TCK (Note 13) 100 ns
INTERRUPT TIMING
tROLL Clock Rollover to INTR Out is Typically 16.5 ms
Note 9: Read Strobe width as used in the read timing table is defined as the period when both chip select and read inputs are low. Hence read commences when
both signals are low and terminates when either signal returns high.
Note 10: Hold time is guaranteed by design but not production tested. This limit is not used to calculate outgoing quality levels.
Note 11: Write Strobe width as used in the write timing table is defined as the period when both chip select and write inputs are low. Hence write commences when
both signals are low and terminates when either signal returns high.
Note 12: Timers in Mode 3.
Note 13: Guaranteed by design, not production tested. This limit is not used to calculate outgoing quality levels.
AC Test Conditions
Input Pulse Levels GND to 3.0V
Input Rise and Fall Times 6 ns (10% 90%)
Input and Output 1.3V
Reference Levels
TRI-STATE Reference Active High a0.5V
Levels (Note 15) Active Low b0.5V
Note 14: CLe100 pF, includes jig and scope capacitance.
Note 15: S1 eVCC for active low to high impedance measurements.
S1 eGND for active high to high impedance measurements.
S1 eopen for all other timing measurements.
Capacitance (TAe25§C, f e1 MHz)
Symbol Parameter Typ Units
(Note 16)
CIN Input Capacitance 5 pF
COUT Output Capacitance 7 pF
Note 16: This parameter is not 100% tested.
Note 17: Output rise and fall times 25 ns max (10%90%) with 100 pF load.
TL/F/863823
3
Timing Waveforms
Read Timing Diagram
TL/F/863824
Write Timing Diagram
TL/F/863825
4
General Description (Continued)
The DP8570A’s interrupt structure provides four basic types
of interrupts: Periodic, Alarm/Compare, Timer, and Power
Fail. Interrupt mask and status registers enable the masking
and easy determination of each interrupt.
One dedicated general purpose interrupt output is provided.
A second interrupt output is available on the Multiple Func-
tion Output (MFO) pin. Each of these may be selected to
generate an interrupt from any source. Additionally, the
MFO pin may be programmed to be either as oscillator out-
put or Timer 0’s output.
Pin Description
CS,RD,WR(Inputs): These pins interface to mP control
lines. The CS pin is an active low enable for the read and
write operations. Read and Write pins are also active low
and enable reading or writing to the TCP. All three pins are
disabled when power failure is detected. However, if a read
or write is in progress at this time, it will be allowed to com-
plete its cycle.
A0 A4 (Inputs): These 5 pins are for register selection.
They individually control which location is to be accessed.
These inputs are disabled when power failure is detected.
OSC IN (Input): OSC OUT (Output): These two pins are
used to connect the crystal to the internal parallel resonant
oscillator. The oscillator is always running when power is
applied to VBB and VCC, and the correct crystal select bits in
the Real Time Mode Register have been set.
MFO (Output): The multi-function output can be used as a
second interrupt output for interrupting the mP. This pin can
also provide an output for the oscillator or the internal Timer
0. The MFO output can be programmed active high or low,
open drain or push-pull. If in battery backed mode and a
pull-up resistor is attached, it should be connected to a volt-
age no greater than VBB. This pin is configured open drain
during battery operation (VBB lVCC).
INTR (Output): The interrupt output is used to interrupt the
processor when a timing event or power fail has occurred
and the respective interrupt has been enabled. The INTR
output can be programmed active high or low, push-pull or
open drain. If in battery backed mode and a pull-up resistor
is attached, it should be connected to a voltage no greater
than VBB. This pin is configured open drain during battery
operation (VBB lVCC). The output is a DC voltage level. To
clear the INTR, writea1totheappropriate bit(s) in the Main
Status Register.
D0 D7 (Input/Output): These 8 bidirectional pins connect
to the host mP’s data bus and are used to read from and
write to the TCP. When the PFAIL pin goes low and a write
is not in progress, these pins are at TRI-STATE.
PFAIL (Input): In battery backed mode, this pin can have a
digital signal applied to it via some external power detection
logic. When PFAIL elogic 0 the TCP goes into a lockout
mode, in a minimum of 30 ms or a maximum of 63 ms unless
lockout delay is programmed. In the single power supply
mode, this pin is not useable as an input and should be tied
to VCC. Refer to section on Power Fail Functional Descrip-
tion.
VBB (Battery Power Pin): This pin is connected to a back-
up power supply. This power supply is switched to the inter-
nal circuitry when the VCC becomes lower than VBB. Utiliz-
ing this pin eliminates the need for external logic to switch in
and out the back-up power supply. If this feature is not to be
used then this pin must be tied to ground, the TCP pro-
grammed for single power supply only, and power applied to
the VCC pin.
TCK, G1, G0, (Inputs), T1 (Output): TCK is the clock input
to both timers when they have an external clock selected. In
modes 0, 1, and 2, G0 and G1 are active low enable inputs
for timers 0 and 1 respectively. In mode 3, G0 and G1 are
positive edge triggers to the timers. T1 is dedicated to the
timer 1 output. The T1 output can be programmed active
high or low, push-pull or open drain. Timer 0 output is avail-
able through MFO pin if desired. If in battery backed mode
and a pull-up resistor is attached to T1, it should be con-
nected to a voltage no greater than VBB. The T1 pin is con-
figured open drain during battery operation (VBB lVCC).
VCC:This is the main system power pin.
GND: This is the common ground power pin for both VBB
and VCC.
Connection Diagrams
Dual-In-Line
TL/F/86385
Top View
Order Number DP8570AN
See NS Package Number N28B
Plastic Chip Carrier
TL/F/86386
Top View
Order Number DP8570AV
See NS Package Number V28A
5
Functional Description
The DP8570A contains a fast access real time clock, two 10
MHz 16-bit timers, interrupt control logic, power fail detect
logic, and CMOS RAM. All functions of the TCP are con-
trolled by a set of nine registers. A simplified block diagram
that shows the major functional blocks is given in
Figure 1
.
The blocks are described in the following sections:
1. Real Time Clock
2. Oscillator Prescaler
3. Interrupt Logic
4. Power Failure Logic
5. Additional Supply Management
6. Timers
The memory map of the TCP is shown in the memory ad-
dressing table. The memory map consists of two 31 byte
pages with a main status register that is common to both
pages. A control bit in the Main Status Register is used to
select either page.
Figure 2
shows the basic concept.
Page 0 contains all the clock timer functions, while page 1
has scratch pad RAM. The control registers are split into
two separate blocks to allow page 1 to be used entirely as
scratch pad RAM. Again a control bit in the Main Status
Register is used to select either control register block.
TL/F/86384
FIGURE 2. DP8570A Internal Memory Map
6
Functional Description (Continued)
INITIAL POWER-ON of BOTH VBB and VCC
VBB and VCC may be applied in any sequence. In order for
the power fail circuitry to function correctly, whenever power
is off, the VCC pin must see a path to ground through a
maximum of 1 MX. The user should be aware that the con-
trol registers will contain random data. The first task to be
carried out in an initialization routine is to start the oscillator
by writing to the crystal select bits in the Real Time Mode
Register. If the DP8570A is configured for single supply
mode, an extra 50 mA may be consumed until the crystal
select bits are programmed. The user should also ensure
that the TCP is not in test mode (see register descriptions).
REAL TIME CLOCK FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
As shown in
Figure 2
, the clock has 10 bytes of counters,
which count from 1/100 of a second to years. Each counter
counts in BCD and is synchronously clocked. The count se-
quence of the individual byte counters within the clock is
shown later in Table VII. Note that the day of week, day of
month, day of year, and month counters all roll over to 1.
The hours counter in 12 hour mode rolls over to 1 and the
AM/PM bit toggles when the hours rolls over to 12
(AM e0, PM e1). The AM/PM bit is bit D7 in the hours
counter.
All other counters roll over to 0. Also note that the day of
year counter is 12 bits long and occupies two addresses.
Upon initial application of power the counters will contain
random information.
READING THE CLOCK: VALIDATED READ
Since clocking of the counter occurs asynchronously to
reading of the counter, it is possible to read the counter
while it is being incremented (rollover). This may result in an
incorrect time reading. Thus to ensure a correct reading of
the entire contents of the clock (or that part of interest), it
must be read without a clock rollover occurring. In general
this can be done by checking a rollover bit. On this chip the
periodic interrupt status bits can serve this function. The
following program steps can be used to accomplish this.
1. Initialize program for reading clock.
2. Dummy read of periodic status bit to clear it.
3. Read counter bytes and store.
4. Read rollover bit, and test it.
5. If rollover occured go to 3.
6. If no rollover, done.
To detect the rollover, individual periodic status bits can be
polled. The periodic bit chosen should be equal to the high-
est frequency counter register to be read. That is if only
SECONDS through HOURS counters are read, then the
SECONDS periodic bit should be used.
READING THE CLOCK: INTERRUPT DRIVEN
Enabling the periodic interrupt mask bits cause interrupts
just as the clock rolls over. Enabling the desired update rate
and providing an interrupt service routine that executes in
less than 10 ms enables clock reading without checking for
a rollover.
READING THE CLOCK: LATCHED READ
Another method to read the clock that does not require
checking the rollover bit is to write a one into the Time
Save Enable bit (D7) of the Interrupt Routing Register, and
then to write a zero. Writing a one into this bit will enable the
clock contents to be duplicated in the Time Save RAM.
Changing the bit from a one to a zero will freeze and store
the contents of the clock in Time Save RAM. The time then
can be read without concern for clock rollover, since inter-
nal logic takes care of synchronization of the clock. Be-
cause only the bits used by the clock counters will be
latched, the Time Save RAM should be cleared prior to use
to ensure that random data stored in the unused bits do not
confuse the host microprocessor. This bit can also provide
time save at power failure, see the Additional Supply Man-
agement Functions section. With the Time Save Enable bit
at a logical 0, the Time Save RAM may be used as RAM if
the latched read function is not necessary.
INITIALIZING AND WRITING TO THE
CALENDAR-CLOCK
Upon initial application of power to the TCP or when making
time corrections, the time must be written into the clock. To
correctly write the time to the counters, the clock would
normally be stopped by writing the Start/Stop bit in the Real
Time Mode Register to a zero. This stops the clock from
counting and disables the carry circuitry. When initializing
the clock’s Real Time Mode Register, it is recommended
that first the various mode bits be written while maintaining
the Start/Stop bit reset, and then writing to the register a
second time with the Start/Stop bit set.
The above method is useful when the entire clock is being
corrected. If one location is being updated the clock need
not be stopped since this will reset the prescaler, and time
will be lost. An ideal example of this is correcting the hours
for daylight savings time. To write to the clock ‘‘on the fly’’
the best method is to wait for the 1/100 of a second period-
ic interrupt. Then wait an additional 16 ms, and then write
the data to the clock.
PRESCALER/OSCILLATOR FUNCTIONAL
DESCRIPTION
Feeding the counter chain is a programmable prescaler
which divides the crystal oscillator frequency to 32 kHz and
further to 100 Hz for the counter chain (see
Figure 3
). The
crystal frequency that can be selected are: 32 kHz, 32.768
kHz, 4.9152 MHz, and 4.194304 MHz.
Once 32 kHz is generated it feeds both timers and the
clock. The clock and timer prescalers can be independently
enabled by controlling the timer or clock Start/Stop bits.
TL/F/86382
FIGURE 3. Programmable Clock Prescaler Block
7
Functional Description (Continued)
The oscillator is programmed via the Real Time Mode Reg-
ister to operate at various frequencies. The crystal oscillator
is designed to offer optimum performance at each frequen-
cy. Thus, at 32.768 kHz the oscillator is configured as a low
frequency and low power oscillator. At the higher frequen-
cies the oscillator inverter is reconfigured. In addition to the
inverter, the oscillator feedback bias resistor is included on
chip, as shown in
Figure 4
. The oscillator input may be driv-
en from an external source if desired. Refer to test mode
application note for details. The oscillator stability is en-
hanced through the use of an on chip regulated power sup-
ply.
The typical range of trimmer capacitor (as shown in Oscilla-
tor Circuit Diagram
Figure 4
, and in the typical application) at
the oscillator input pin is suggested only to allow accurate
tuning of the oscillator. This range is based on a typical
printed circuit board layout and may have to be changed
depending on the parasitic capacitance of the printed circuit
board or fixture being used. In all cases, the load capaci-
tance specified by the crystal manufacturer (nominal value
11 pF for the 32.768 crystal) is what determines proper os-
cillation. This load capcitance is the series combination of
capacitance on each side of the crystal (with respect to
ground).
TL/F/86383
FIGURE 4. Oscillator Circuit Diagram
XTAL CoCtROUT
(Switched Internally)
32/32.768 kHz 47 pF 2 pF 22 pF 150 kXto 350 kX
4.194304 MHz 68 pF 0 pF 80 pF 500Xto 900X
4.9152 MHz 68 pF 29 pF 49 pF 500Xto 900X
INTERRUPT LOGIC FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
The TCP has the ability to coordinate processor timing ac-
tivities. To enhance this, an interrupt structure has been im-
plemented which enables several types of events to cause
interrupts. Interrupts are controlled via two Control Regis-
ters in block 1 and two Status Registers in block 0. (See
Register Description for notes on paging and also
Figure 5
and Table I.)
The interrupts are enabled by writing a one to the appropri-
ate bits in Interrupt Control Register 0 and/or 1. Any of the
interrupts can be routed to either the INTR pin or the MFO
pin, depending on how the Interrupt Routing register is pro-
grammed. This, for example, enables the user to dedicate
the MFO as a non-maskable interrupt pin to the CPU for
power failure detection and enable all other interrupts to
appear on the INTR pin. The polarity for the active interrupt
can be programmed in the Output Mode Register for either
active high or low, and open drain or push pull outputs.
TABLE I. Registers that are Applicable
to Interrupt Control
Register Name Register Page Address
Select Select
Main Status Register X X 00H
Periodic Flag Register 0 0 03H
Interrupt Routing 0 0 04H
Register
Interrupt Control 1 0 03H
Register 0
Interrupt Control 1 0 04H
Register 1
Output Mode 1 0 02H
Register
The Interrupt Status Flag D0, in the Main Status Register,
indicates the state of INTR and MFO outputs. It is set when
either output becomes active and is cleared when all TCP
interrupts have been cleared and no further interrupts are
pending (i.e., both INTR and MFO are returned to their inac-
tive state). This flag enables the TCP to be rapidly polled by
the mP to determine the source of an interrupt in a wiredÐ
OR interrupt system.
Note that the Interrupt Status Flag will only monitor the state
of the MFO output if it has been configured as an interrupt
output (see Output Mode Register description). This is true,
regardless of the state of the Interrupt Routing Register.
Thus the Interrupt Status Flag provides a true reflection of
all conditions routed to the external pins.
Status for the interrupts are provided by the Main Status
Register and the Periodic Flag Register. Bits D1 D5 of the
Main Status Register are the main interrupt bits.
These register bits will be set when their associated timing
events occur. Enabled Alarm or Timer interrupts that occur
will set its Main Status Register bit to a one. However, an
external interrupt will only be generated if the appropriate
Alarm or Timer interrupt enable bits are set (see
Figure 5
).
Disabling the periodic bits will mask the Main Status Regis-
ter periodic bit, but not the Periodic Flag Register bits. The
Power Fail Interrupt bit is set when the interrupt is enabled
and a power fail event has occurred, and is not reset until
the power is restored. If all interrupt enable bits are 0 no
interrupt will be asserted. However, status still can be read
from the Main Status Register in a polled fashion (see
Fig-
ure 5
).
To clear a flag in bits D2 D5 of the Main Status Register a 1
must be written back into the bit location that is to be
cleared. For the Periodic Flag Register reading the status
will reset all the periodic flags.
8
Functional Description (Continued)
Interrupts Fall Into Four Categories:
1. The Timer Interrupts: For description see Timer Section.
2. The Alarm Compare Interrupt: Issued when the value in
the time compared RAM equals the counter.
3. The Periodic Interrupts: These are issued at every incre-
ment of the specific clock counter signal. Thus, an inter-
rupt is issued every minute, second, etc. Each of these
interrupts occurs at the roll-over of the specific counter.
4. The Power Fail Interrupt: Issued upon recognition of a
power fail condition by the internal sensing logic. The
power failed condition is determined by the signal on the
PFAIL pin. The internal power fail signal is gated with the
chip select signal to ensure that the power fail interrupt
does not lock the chip out during a read or write.
ALARM COMPARE INTERRUPT DESCRIPTON
The alarm/time comparison interrupt is a special interrupt
similar to an alarm clock wake up buzzer. This interrupt is
generated when the clock time is equal to a value pro-
grammed into the alarm compare registers. Up to six bytes
can be enabled to perform alarm time comparisons on the
counter chain. These six bytes, or some subset thereof,
would be loaded with the future time at which the interrupt
will occur. Next, the appropriate bits in the Interrupt Control
Register 1 are enabled or disabled (refer to detailed descrip-
tion of Interrupt Control Register 1). The TCP then com-
pares these bytes with the clock time. When all the enabled
compare registers equal the clock time an alarm interrupt is
issued, but only if the alarm compare interrupt is enabled
can the interrupt be generated externally. Each alarm com-
pare bit in the Control Register will enable a specific byte for
comparison to the clock. Disabling a compare byte is the
same as setting its associated counter comparator to an
‘‘always equal’’ state. For example, to generate an interrupt
at 3:15 AM of every day, load the hours compare with 0 3
(BCD), the minutes compare with 1 5 (BCD) and the faster
counters with 0 0 (BCD), and then disable all other compare
registers. So every day when the time rolls over from
3:14:59.99, an interrupt is issued. This bit may be reset by
writing a one to bit D3 in the Main Status Register at any
time after the alarm has been generated.
If time comparison for an individual byte counter is disabled,
that corresponding RAM location can then be used as gen-
eral purpose storage.
PERIODIC INTERRUPTS DESCRIPTION
The Periodic Flag Register contains six flags which are set
by real-time generated ‘‘ticks’’ at various time intervals, see
Figure 5
. These flags constantly sense the periodic signals
and may be used whether or not interrupts are enabled.
These flags are cleared by any read or write operation per-
formed on this register.
To generate periodic interrupts at the desired rate, the asso-
ciated Periodic Interrupt Enable bit in Interrupt Control Reg-
ister 0 must be set. Any combination of periodic interrupts
may be enabled to operate simultaneously. Enabled period-
ic interrupts will now affect the Periodic Interrupt Flag in the
Main Status Register. The Periodic Route bit in the Interrupt
Routing Register is used to route the periodic interrupt
events to either the INTR output or the MFO output.
When a periodic event occurs, the Periodic Interrupt Flag in
the Main Status Register is set, causing an interrupt to be
generated. The mP clears both flag and interrupt by writing a
‘‘1’’ to the Periodic Interrupt Flag. The individual flags in the
periodic Interrupt Flag Register do not require clearing to
cancel the interrupt.
If all periodic interrupts are disabled and a periodic interrupt
is left pending (i.e., the Periodic Interrupt Flag is still set), the
Periodic Interrupt Flag will still be required to be cleared to
cancel the pending interrupt.
POWER FAIL INTERRUPTS DESCRIPTION
The Power Fail Status Flag in the Main Status Register
monitors the state of the internal power fail signal. This flag
may be interrogated by the mP, but it cannot be cleared; it is
cleared automatically by the TCP when system power is
restored. To generate an interrupt when the power fails, the
Power Fail Interrupt Enable bit in Interrupt Control Register
1 is set.
The Power Fail Route bit determines which output the inter-
rupt will appear on. Although this interrupt may not be
cleared, it may be masked by clearing the Power Fail Inter-
rupt Enable bit.
POWER FAILURE CIRCUITRY FUNCTIONAL
DESCRIPTION
Since the clock must be operated from a battery when the
main system supply has been turned off, the DP8570A pro-
vides circuitry to simplify design in battery backed systems.
This circuitry switches over to the back up supply, and iso-
lates the DP8570A from the host system.
Figure 6
shows a
simplified block diagram of this circuitry, which consists of
three major sections; 1) power loss logic: 2) battery switch
over logic: and 3) isolation logic.
Detection of power loss occurs when PFAIL is low. De-
bounce logic provides a 30 ms–63 ms debounce time, which
will prevent noise on the PFAIL pin from being interpreted
as a system failure. After 30 ms–63 ms the debounce logic
times out and a signal is generated indicating that system
power is marginal and is failing. The Power Fail Interrupt will
then be generated.
9
Functional Description (Continued)
TL/F/86387
FIGURE 5. Interrupt Control Logic Overview
10
Functional Description (Continued)
TL/F/86388
FIGURE 6. System-Battery Switchover (Upper Left), Power Fail
and Lock-Out Circuits (Lower Right)
The user may choose to have this power failed signal lock-
out the TCP’s data bus within 30 ms min/63 ms max or to
delay the lock-out to enable mP access after power failure is
detected. This delay is enabled by setting the delay enable
bit in the Routing Register. Also, if the lock-out delay was
not enabled the TCP will disconnect itself from the bus with-
in 30 ms min
x
63 ms max. If chip select is low when a
power failure is detected, a safety circuit will ensure that if a
read or write is held active continuously for greater than
30 ms after the power fail signal is asserted, the lock-out will
be forced. If a lock-out delay is enabled, the DP8570A will
remain active for 480 ms after power fail is detected. This
will enable the mP to perform last minute bookkeeping be-
fore total system collapse. When the host CPU is finished
accessing the TCP it may force the bus lock-out before
480 ms has elapsed by resetting the delay enable bit.
The battery switch over circuitry is completely independent
of the PFAIL pin. A separate circuit compares VCC to the
VBB voltage. As the main supply fails, the TCP will continue
to operate from the VCC pin until VCC falls below the VBB
voltage. At this time, the battery supply is switched in, VCC is
disconnected, and the device is now in the standby mode. If
indeterminate operation of the battery switch over circuit is
to be avoided, then the voltage at the VCC pin must not be
allowed to equal the voltage at the VBB pin.
After the generation of a lock-out signal, and eventual
switch in of the battery supply, the pins of the TCP will be
configured as shown in Table II. Outputs that have a pull-up
resistor should be connected to a voltage no greater than
VBB.
TABLE II. Pin Isolation during a Power Failure
Pin PFAIL eStandby Mode
Logic 0 VBB lVCC
CS,RD,WR Locked Out Locked Out
A0 A4 Locked Out Locked Out
D0 D7 Locked Out Locked Out
Oscillator Not Isolated Not Isolated
TCK, G0, G1 Not Isolated Locked Out
PFAIL Not Isolated Not Isolated
INTR, MFO Not Isolated Open Drain
T1
The Timer and Interrupt Power Fail Operation bits in the
Real-Time Mode Register determine whether or not the tim-
ers and interrupts will continue to function after a power fail
event.
As power returns to the system, the battery switch over cir-
cuit will switch back to VCC power as soon as it becomes
greater than the battery voltage. The chip will remain in the
locked out state as long as PFAIL e0. When PFAIL e1
11
Functional Description (Continued)
the chip is unlocked, but only after another 30 ms min
x
63 ms max debounce time. The system designer must en-
sure that his system is stable when power has returned.
The power fail circuitry contains active linear circuitry that
draws supply current from VCC. In some cases this may be
undesirable, so this circuit can be disabled by masking the
power fail interrupt. The power fail input can perform all
lock-out functions previously mentioned, except that no ex-
ternal interrupt will be issued. Note that the linear power fail
circuitry is switched off automatically when using VBB in
standby mode.
LOW BATTERY, INITIAL POWER ON DETECT, AND
POWER FAIL TIME SAVE
There are three other functions provided on the DP8570A to
ease power supply control. These are an initial Power On
detect circuit, which also can be used as a time keeping
failure detect, a low battery detect circuit, and a time save
on power failure.
On initial power up the Oscillator Fail Flag will be set to a
one and the real time clock start bit reset to a zero. This
indicates that an oscillator fail event has occurred, and time
keeping has failed.
The Oscillator Fail flag will not be reset until the real-time
clock is started. This allows the system to discriminate be-
tween an initial power-up and recovery from a power failure.
If the battery backed mode is selected, then bit D6 of the
Periodic Flag Register must be written low. This will not af-
fect the contents of the Oscillator Fail Flag.
Another status bit is the low battery detect. This bit is set
only when the clock is operating under the VCC pin, and
when the battery voltage is determined to be less than 2.1V
(typical). When the power fail interrupt enable bit is low, it
disables the power fail circuit and will also shut off the low
battery voltage detection circuit as well.
To relieve CPU overhead for saving time upon power failure,
the Time Save Enable bit is provided to do this automatical-
ly. (See also Reading the Clock: Latched Read.) The Time
Save Enable bit, when set, causes the Time Save RAM to
follow the contents of the clock. This bit can be reset by
software, but if set before a power failure occurs, it will auto-
matically be reset when the clock switches to the battery
supply (not when a power failure is detected by the PFAIL
pin). Thus, writing a one to the Time Save bit enables both a
software write or power fail write.
SINGLE POWER SUPPLY APPLICATIONS
The DP8570A can be used in a single power supply applica-
tion. To achieve this, the VBB pin must be connected to
ground, and the power connected to VCC and PFAIL pins.
The Oscillator Failed/Single Supply bit in the Periodic Flag
Register should be set to a logic 1, which will disable the
oscillator battery reference circuit. The power fail interrupt
should also be disabled. This will turn off the linear power
fail detection circuits, and will eliminate any quiescent power
drawn through these circuits. Until the crystal select bits are
initialized, the DP8570A may consume about 50 mA due to
arbitrary oscillator selection at power on.
(This extra 50 mA is not consumed if the battery backed
mode is selected).
TIMER FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
The DP8570A contains 2 independent multi-mode timers.
Each timer is composed of a 16-bit negative edge triggered
binary down counter and associated control. The operation
is similar to existing mP peripheral timers except that several
features have been enhanced. The timers can operate in
four modes, and in addition, the input clock frequency can
be selected from a prescaler over a wide range of frequen-
cies. Furthermore, these timers are capable of generating
interrupts as well as hardware output signals, and both the
interrupt and timer outputs are fully programmable active
high, or low, open drain, or push-pull.
Figure 7
shows the functional block diagram of one of the
timers. The timer consists of a 16-bit counter, two 8-bit input
registers, two 8-bit output registers, clock prescaler, mode
control logic, and output control logic. The timer and the
data registers are organized as two bytes for each timer.
Under normal operations a read/write to the timer locations
will read or write to the data input register. The timer con-
tents can be read by setting the counter Read bit (RD) in the
timer control register.
TIMER INITIALIZATION
The timer’s operation is controlled by a set of registers, as
listed in Table III. These consist of 2 data input registers and
one control register per timer. The data input registers con-
tain the timers count down value. The Timer Control Regis-
ter is used to set up the mode of operation and the input
clock rate. The timer related interrupts can be controlled by
programming the Interrupt Routing Register and Interrupt
Control Register 0. The timer outputs are configured by the
Output Mode Register.
TABLE III. Timer Associated Registers
Register Name Register Page Address
Select Select
Timer 0 Data MSB X 0 10H
Timer 0 Data LSB X 0 0FH
Timer 0 Control Register 0 0 01H
Timer 1 Data MSB X 0 12H
Timer 1 Data LSB X 0 11H
Timer 1 Control Register 0 0 02H
Interrupt Routing Register 0 0 04H
Interrupt Control Reg. 0 1 0 03H
Output Mode Register 1 0 02H
All these registers must be initialized prior to starting the
timer(s). The Timer Control Register should first be set to
select the timer mode with the timer start/stop bit reset.
Then when the timer is to be started the control register
should be rewritten identically but with the start/stop bit set.
TIMER OPERATION
Each timer is capable of operation in one of four modes. As
mentioned, these modes are programmed in each timer’s
Control Register which is described later. All four modes
operate in a similar manner. They operate on the two 8-bit
data words stored into the Data Input Register. At the begin-
ning of a counting cycle the 2 bytes are loaded into the timer
and the timer commences counting down towards zero. The
exact action taken when zero is reached depends on the
mode selected, but in general, the timer output will change
state, and an interrupt will be generated if the timer inter-
rupts are unmasked.
12
Functional Description (Continued)
INPUT CLOCK SELECTION
The input frequency to the timers may be selected. Each
timer has a prescaler that gives a wide selection of clocking
rates. In addition, the DP8570A has a single external clock
input pin that can be selected for either of the timers. Table
IV shows the range of programmable clocks available and
the corresponding setting in the Timer Control Register.
TABLE IV. Programmable Timer Input Clocks
C2 C1 C0 Selected Clock
0 0 0 External
0 0 1 Crystal Oscillator
0 1 0 (Crystal Oscillator)/4
0 1 1 93.5 ms (10.7 kHz)
1 0 0 1 ms (1 kHz)
1 0 1 10 ms (100 Hz)
1 1 0 1/10 Second (10 Hz)
1 1 1 1 Second (1 Hz)
Note that the second and third selections are not fixed fre-
quencies, but depend on the crystal oscillator frequency
chosen.
Since the input clock frequencies are usually running asyn-
chronously to the timer Start/Stop control bit, a 1 clock cy-
cle error may result. This error results when the Start/Stop
occurs just after the clock edge (max error). To minimize
this error on all clocks an independent prescaler is used for
each timer and is designed so that its Start/Stop error is
less than 1 clock cycle.
The count hold/gate bit in the Timer Control Register and
the external enable pins, G0/G1, can be used to suspend
the timer operation in modes 0, 1, and 2 (in mode 3 it is the
trigger input). The external pin and the register bit are OR’ed
together, so that when either is high the timers are suspend-
ed. Suspending the timer causes the same synchronization
error that starting the timer does. The range of errors is
specified in Table V.
TABLE V. Maximum Synchronization Errors
Clock Selected Error
External aExt. Clock Period
Crystal a1 Crystal Clock Period
Crystal/4 a1 Crystal Clock Period
10.7 kHz a32 ms
1 kHz a32 ms
100 Hz a32 ms
10 Hz a32 ms
1Hz a
32 ms
MODES OF OPERATION
Bits M0 and M1 in the Timer Control Registers are used to
specify the modes of operation. The mode selection is de-
scribed in Table VI.
TABLE VI. Programmable Timer Modes of Operation
M1 M0 Function Modes
0 0 Single Pulse Generator Mode 0
0 1 Rate Generator, Pulse Output Mode 1
1 0 Square Wave Output Mode 2
1 1 Retriggerable One Shot Mode 3
MODE 0: SINGLE PULSE GENERATOR
When the timer is in this mode the output will be initially low
if the Timer Start/Stop bit is low (stopped). When this mode
is initiated the timer output will go high on the next falling
edge of the prescaler’s input clock, the contents
TL/F/86389
FIGURE 7. DP8570A Timer Block Diagram
13
Functional Description (Continued)
of the input data registers are loaded into the timer. The
output will stay high until the counter reaches zero. At zero
the output is reset. The result is an output pulse whose du-
ration is equal to the input clock period times the count
value (N) loaded into the input data register. This is shown
in
Figure 8
.
Pulse Width eClock Period cN
An interrupt is generated when the zero count is reached.
This can be used for one-time interrupts that are set to oc-
cur a certain amount of time in the future. In this mode the
Timer Start/Stop bit (TSS) is automatically reset upon zero
detection. This removes the need to reset TSS before start-
ing another operation.
The count down operation may be temporarily suspended
either under software control by setting the Count Hold/
Gate bit in the timer register high, or in hardware by setting
the G0 or G1 pin high.
The above discussion assumes that the timer outputs were
programmed to be non-inverting outputs (active high). If the
polarity of the output waveform is wrong for the application
the polarity can be reversed by configuring the Output Mode
Register. The drive configuration can also be programmed
to be push pull or open drain.
MODE 1: RATE GENERATOR
When operating in this mode the timer will operate continu-
ously. Before the timer is started its output is low. When the
timer is started the input data register contents are loaded
into the counter on the negative clock edge and the output
is set high (again assuming the Output Mode Register is
programmed active high). The timer will then count down to
zero. Once the zero count is reached the output goes low
for one clock period of the timer clock. Then on the next
clock the counter is reloaded automatically and the count-
down repeats itself. The output, shown in
Figure 9
,isa
waveform whose pulse width and period is determined by N,
the input register value, and the input clock period:
Period e(N a1) (Clock Period)
Pulse Width eClock Period
The G0 or G1 pin and the count hold/gate bit can be used
to suspend the appropriate timer countdown when either is
high. Again, the output polarity is controllable as in mode 0.
If enabled, an interrupt is generated whenever the zero
count is reached. This can be used to generate a periodic
interrupt.
MODE 2: SQUARE WAVE GENERATOR
This mode is also cyclic but in this case a square wave
rather than a pulse is generated. The output square wave
period is determined by the value loaded into the timer input
register. This period and the duty cycle are:
Period e2(N a1) (Clock Period) Duty Cycle e0.5
When the timer is stopped the output will be low, and when
the Start/Stop bit is set high the timer’s counter will be load-
ed on the next clock falling transition and the output will be
set high.
The output will be toggled after the zero count is detected
and the counter will then be reloaded, and the cycle will
continue. Thus, every N a1 counts the output gets toggled,
as shown in
Figure 10
. Like the other modes the timer oper-
ation can be suspended either by software setting the count
hold/gate bit (CHG) in the Timer Control Register or by us-
ing the gate pins. An interrupt will be generated every falling
edge of the timer output, if enabled.
TL/F/863810
FIGURE 8. Typical Waveforms for Timer Mode 0
(Timer Output Programmed Active High)
TL/F/863811
FIGURE 9. Timing Waveforms for Timer Mode 1
(Timer Output Programmed Active High)
14
Functional Description (Continued)
TL/F/863812
FIGURE 10. Timing Waveforms for Timer Mode 2
(Timer Output Programmed Active High)
MODE 3: RETRIGGERABLE ONE SHOT
This mode is different from the previous three modes in that
this is the only mode which uses the external gate to trigger
the output. Once the timer Start/Stop bit is set the output
stays inactive, and nothing happens until a positive tran-
sition is received on the G1 or G0 pins, or the Count Hold/
Gate (CHG) bit is set in the timer control register. When a
transition ocurs the one shot output is set active immediate-
ly; the counter is loaded with the value in the input register
on the next transition of the input clock and the countdown
begins. If a retrigger occurs, regardless of the current coun-
ter value, the counters will be reloaded with the value in the
input register and the counter will be restarted without
changing the output state. See
Figure 11
. A trigger count
can occur at any time during the count cycle and can be a
hardware or software signal (G0, G1 or CHG). In this mode
the timer will output a single pulse whose width is deter-
mined by the value in the input data register (N) and the
input clock period.
Pulse Width eClock Period cN
Before entering mode 3, if a spurious edge has occurred on
G0/G1 or the CHG bit is set to logic 1, then a pulse will
appear at MFO or T1 or INTR output pin when the timer is
started. To ensure this does not happen, do the following
steps before entering mode 3: Configure the timer for mode
0, load a count of zero, then start the timer.
The timer will generate an interrupt only when it reaches a
count of zero. This timer mode is useful for continuous
‘‘watch dog’’ timing, line frequency power failure detection,
etc.
READING THE TIMERS
National has discovered that some users may encounter
unacceptable error rates for their applications when reading
the timers on the fly asynchronously. When doing asynchro-
nous reads of the timers, an error may occur. The error is
that a successive read may be larger than the previous
read. Experimental results indicate that the typical error rate
Is approximately one per 29,000 under the following condi-
tions:
Timer clock frequency of 5 MHz.
Computer: 386/33 MHz PC/AT
Program: Microsoft ‘‘C’’ 6.0, reading and saving timer con-
tents in a continuous loop.
Those users who find the error rate unacceptable may re-
duce the problem effectively to zero by employing a hard-
ware work-around that synchronizes the writing of the read
bit to the timer control register with respect to the decre-
menting clock. Refer to
Figure 1
in Appendix A, for a sug-
gested hardware work-around.
A software work-around can reduce the errors but not as
substantial as a hardware work-around. Software work-
arounds are based on observations that the read following a
bad read appeared to be valid.
This problem concerns statistical probability and is similar to
metastability issues. For more information on metastability,
refer to 1991 IEEE transactions on Custom Integrated Cir-
cuits Conference. paper by T.J. Gabara of AT&T Bell Labo-
ratories, page 29.4.1.
Normally reading the timer data register addresses, 0FH
and 10H for Timer 0 and 11H and 12H for Timer 1 will result
in reading the input data register which contains the preset
value for the timers.
To read the contents of a timer, the mP first sets the timer
read bit in the appropriate Timer Control Register high. This
will cause the counters contents to be latched to 2-bit 8-bit
output registers, and will enable these registers to be read if
the mP reads the timers input data register addresses. On
reading the LSB byte the timer read bit is internally reset
and subsequent reads of the timer locations will return the
input register values.
DETAILED REGISTER DESCRIPTION
There are 5 external address bits: Thus, the host microproc-
essor has access to 32 locations at one time. An internal
switching scheme provides a total of 67 locations.
This complete address space is organized into two pages.
Page 0 contains two blocks of control registers, timers, real
time clock counters, and special purpose RAM, while page
1 contains general purpose RAM. Using two blocks enables
the 9 control registers to be mapped into 5 locations. The
only register that does not get switched is the Main Status
Register. It contains the page select bit and the register
select bit as well as status information.
A memory map is shown in
Figure 2
and register addressing
in Table VII. They show the name, address and page loca-
tions for the DP8570A.
TL/F/863813
FIGURE 11. Timing Waveforms for Timer Mode 3, Output Programmed Active High
15
Functional Description (Continued)
TABLE VII. Register/Counter/RAM
Addressing for DP8570A
A0-4 PS RS Description
(Note 1) (Note 2)
CONTROL REGISTERS
00 X X Main Status Register
01 0 0 Timer 0 Control Register
02 0 0 Timer 1 Control Register
03 0 0 Periodic Flag Register
04 0 0 Interrupt Routing Register
01 0 1 Real Time Mode Register
02 0 1 Output Mode Register
03 0 1 Interrupt Control Register 0
04 0 1 Interrupt Control Register 1
COUNTERS (CLOCK CALENDAR)
05 0 X 1/100, 1/10 Seconds (0 99)
06 0 X Seconds (059)
07 0 X Minutes (059)
08 0 X Hours (1 12, 0 23)
09 0 X Days of
Month (128/29/30/31)
0A 0 X Months (112)
0B 0 X Years (099)
0C 0 X Julian Date (LSB) (099) (Note 3)
0D 0 X Julian Date (03)
0E 0 X Day of Week (1 7)
TIMER DATA REGISTERS
0F 0 X Timer 0 LSB
10 0 X Timer 0 MSB
11 0 X Timer 1 LSB
12 0 X Timer 1 MSB
TIME COMPARE RAM
13 0 X Sec Compare RAM (0 59)
14 0 X Min Compare RAM (059)
15 0 X Hours Compare
RAM (1 12, 023)
16 0 X DOM Compare
RAM (128/29/30/31)
17 0 X Months Compare
RAM (112)
18 0 X DOW Compare RAM (1 7)
TIME SAVE RAM
19 0 X Seconds Time Save RAM
1A 0 X Minutes Time Save RAM
1B 0 X Hours Time Save RAM
1C 0 X Day of Month Time Save RAM
1D 0 X Months Time Save RAM
1E 0 1 RAM
1F 0 X RAM/Test Mode Register
011F 1 X 2nd Page General Purpose RAM
Note 1: PSÐPage Select (Bit D7 of Main Status Register)
Note 2: RSÐRegister Select (Bit D6 of Main Status Register)
Note 3: The LSB counters count 099 until the hundreds of days counter
reaches 3. Then the LSB counters count to 65 or 66 (if a leap year). The
rollover is from 365/366 to 1.
MAIN STATUS REGISTER
TL/F/863814
The Main Status Register is always located at address 0
regardless of the register block or the page selected.
D0: This read only bit is a general interrupt status bit that is
taken directly from the interrupt pins. The bit is a one when
an interrupt is pending on either the INTR pin or the MFO
pin (when configured as an interrupt). This is unlike D3 D5
which can be set by an internal event but may not cause an
interrupt. This bit is reset when the interrupt status bits in the
Main Status Register are cleared.
D1 D5: These five bits of the Main Status Register are the
main interrupt status bits. Any bit may be a one when any of
the interrupts are pending. Once an interrupt is asserted the
mP will read this register to determine the cause. These
interrupt status bits are not reset when read. Except for D1,
to reset an interrupt a one is written back to the correspond-
ing bit that is being tested. D1 is reset whenever the PFAIL
pin elogic 1. This prevents loss of interrupt status when
reading the register in a polled mode. D1, D3 D5 are set
regardless of whether these interrupts are masked or not by
bits D6 and D7 of Interrupt Control Registers 0 and 1.
D6 and D7: These bits are Read/Write bits that control
which register block or RAM page is to be selected. Bit D6
controls the register block to be accessed (see memory
map). The memory map of the clock is further divided into
two memory pages. One page is the registers, clock and
timers, and the second page contains 31 bytes of general
purpose RAM. The page selection is determined by bit D7.
16
Functional Description (Continued)
TIMER 0 AND 1 CONTROL REGISTER
TL/F/863815
These registers control the operation of the timers. Each
timer has its own register.
D0: This bit will Start (1) or Stop (0) the timer. When the
timer is stopped the timer’s prescaler and counter are reset,
and the timer will restart from the beginning when started
again. In mode 0 on time out the TSS bit is internally reset.
D1 and D2: These control the count mode of the timers.
See Table VI.
D3 D5: These bits control which clock signal is applied to
the timer’s counter input. There is one external clock input
pin (TCK) and either (or both) timer(s) can be selected to
run off this pin: refer to Table IV for details.
D6: This is the read bit. If a one is written into this location it
will cause the contents of the timer to be latched into a
holding register, which can be read by the mP at any time.
Reading the least significant byte of the timer will reset the
RD bit. The timer read cycle can be aborted by writing RD to
zero.
D7: The CHG bit has two mode dependent functions. In
modes 0 through 2 writing a one to this bit will suspend the
timer operation (without resetting the timer prescaler). How-
ever, in mode 3 this bit is used to trigger or re-trigger the
count sequence as with the gate pins. If retriggering is de-
sired using the CHG bit, it is not necessary to write a zero to
this location prior to the re-trigger. The action of further writ-
ing a one to this bit will re-trigger the count.
PERIODIC FLAG REGISTER
TL/F/863816
The Periodic Flag Register has the same bit for bit corre-
spondence as Interrupt Control Register 0 except for D6
and D7. For normal operation (i.e., not a single supply appli-
cation) this register must be written to on initial power up or
after an oscillator fail event. D0 D5 are read only bits, D6
and D7 are read/write.
D0 D5: These bits are set by the real time rollover events:
(Time Change e1). The bits are reset when the register is
read and can be used as selective data change flags.
D6: This bit performs a dual function. When this bit is read, a
one indicates that an oscillator failure has occurred and the
time information may have been lost. Some of the ways an
oscillator failure may be caused are: failure of the crystal;
shorting OSC IN or OSC OUT to GND or VCC; removal of
crystal; removal of battery when in the battery backed mode
(when a ‘0’ is written to D6); lowering the voltage at the VBB
pin to a value less than 2.2V when in the battery backed
mode. Bit D6 is automatically set to 1 on initial power-up or
an oscillator fail event. The oscillator fail flag is reset by
writing a one to the clock start/stop bit in the Real Time
Mode Register, with the crystal oscillating.
When D6 is written to, it defines whether the TCP is being
used in battery backed (normal) or in a single supply mode
application. When set to a one this bit configures the TCP
for single power supply applications. This bit is automatically
set on initial power-up or an oscillator fail event. When set,
D6 disables the oscillator reference circuit. The result is that
the oscillator is referenced to VCC. When a zero is written to
D6 the oscillator reference is enabled, thus the oscillator is
referenced to VBB. This allows operation in standard battery
standby applications.
At initial power on, if the DP8570A is going to be pro-
grammed for battery backed mode, the VBB pin should be
connected to a potential in the range of 2.2V to VCC b
0.4V.
For single supply mode operation, the VBB pin should be
connected to GND and the PFAIL pin connected to VCC.
D7: Writing a one to this bit enables the test mode register
at location 1F (see Table VII). This bit should be forced to
zero during initialization for normal operation. If the test
mode has been entered, clear the test mode register before
leaving test mode. (See separate test mode application
note for further details.)
INTERRUPT ROUTING REGISTER
TL/F/863817
D0 D4: The lower 5 bits of this register are associated with
the main interrupt sources created by this chip. The purpose
of this register is to route the interrupts to either the MFO
(multi-function pin), or to the main interrupt pin. When any
bit is set the associated interrupt signal will be sent to the
MFO pin, and when zero it will be sent to the INTR pin.
17
Functional Description (Continued)
D5: The Delay Enable bit is used when a power fail occurs.
If this bit is set, a 480 ms delay is generated internally before
the mP interface is locked out. This will enable the mPto
access the registers for up to 480 ms after it receives a
power fail interrupt. After a power failure is detected but
prior to the 480 ms delay timing out, the host mP may force
immediate lock out by resetting the Delay Enable bit. Note if
this bit is a 0 when power fails then after a delay of 30 ms
min/63 ms max the mP cannot read the chip.
D6: This read only bit is set and reset by the voltage at the
VBB pin. It can be used by the mP to determine whether the
battery voltage at the VBB pin is getting too low. A compara-
tor monitors the battery and when the voltage is lower than
2.1V (typical) this bit is set. The power fail interrupt must be
enabled to check for a low battery voltage.
D7: Time Save Enable bit controls the loading of real-time-
clock data into the Time Save RAM. When a one is written
to this bit the Time Save RAM will follow the corresponding
clock registers, and when a zero is written to this bit the time
in the Time Save RAM is frozen. This eliminates any syn-
chronization problems when reading the clock, thus negat-
ing the need to check for a counter rollover during a read
cycle.
This bit must be set to a one prior to power failing to enable
the Time Save feature. When the power fails this bit is auto-
matically reset and the time is saved in the Time Save RAM.
REAL TIME MODE REGISTER
TL/F/863818
D0 D1: These are the leap year counter bits. These bits are
written to set the number of years from the previous leap
year. The leap year counter increments on December 31st
and it internally enables the February 29th counter state.
This method of setting the leap year allows leap year to
occur whenever the user wishes to, thus providing flexibility
in implementing Japanese leap year function.
LY1 LY0 Leap Year
Counter
0 0 Leap Year Current Year
0 1 Leap Year Last Year
1 0 Leap Year 2 Years Ago
1 1 Leap Year 3 Years Ago
D2: The count mode for the hours counter can be set to
either 24 hour mode or 12 hour mode with AM/PM indicator.
A one will place the clock in 12 hour mode.
D3: This bit is the master Start/Stop bit for the clock. When
a one is written to this bit the real time counter’s prescaler
and counter chain are enabled. When this bit is reset to zero
the contents of the real time counter is stopped and the
prescaler is cleared. When the TCP is initially powered up
this bit will be held at a logic 0 until the oscillator starts
functioning correctly after which this bit may be modified. If
an oscillator fail event occurs, this bit will be reset to logic 0.
D4: This bit controls the operation of the interrupt output in
standby mode. If set to a one it allows Alarm, Periodic, and
Power Fail interrupts to be functional in standby mode. Tim-
er interrupts will also be functional provided that bit D5 is
also set. Note that the MFO and INTR pins are configured
as open drain in standby mode.
If bit D4 is set to a zero then interrupt control register 0 and
bits D6 and D7 of interrupt control register 1 will be reset
when the TCP enters the standby mode (VBB lVCC). They
will have to be re-configured when system (VCC) power is
restored.
D5: This bit controls the operation of the timers in standby
mode. If set to a one the timers will continue to function
when the TCP is in standby mode. The input pins TCK, G0,
G1 are locked out in standby mode, and cannot be used.
Therefore external control of the timers is not possible in
standby mode. Note also that MFO and T1 pins are auto-
matically reconfigured open drain during standby.
D6 and D7: These two bits select the crystal clock frequen-
cy as per the following table:
XT1 XT0 Crystal
Frequency
0 0 32.768 kHz
0 1 4.194304 MHz
1 0 4.9152 MHz
1 1 32.000 kHz
All bits are Read/Write, and any mode written into this regis-
ter can be determined by reading the register. On initial
power up these bits are random.
OUTPUT MODE REGISTER
TL/F/863819
18
Functional Description (Continued)
D0: This bit, when set to a one makes the T1 (timer 1)
output pin active high, and when set to a zero, it makes this
pin active low.
D1: This bit controls whether the T1 pin is an open drain or
push-pull output. A one indicates push pull.
D2: This bit, when set to a one makes the INTR output pin
active high, and when set to a zero, it makes this pin active
low.
D3: This bit controls whether the INTR pin is an open drain
or push-pull output. A one indicates push-pull.
D4: This bit, when set to a one makes the MFO output pin
active high, and when set to a zero, it makes this pin active
low.
D5: This bit controls whether the MFO pin is an open drain
or push-pull output. A one indicates push-pull.
D6 and D7: These bits are used to program the signal ap-
pearing at the MFO output, as follows:
D7 D6 MFO Output Signal
0 0 2nd Interrupt
0 1 Timer 0 Waveform
1 X Buffered Crystal Oscillator
INTERRUPT CONTROL REGISTER 0
TL/F/863820
If battery backed mode is selected and the DP8570A is in
standby (VBB lVCC), then all bits are controlled by D4 of
the Real Time Mode Register.
D0 D5: These bits are used to enable one of the selected
periodic interrupts by writing a one into the appropriate bit.
These interrupts are issued at the rollover of the clock. For
example, the minutes interrupt will be issued whenever the
minutes counter increments. In all likelihood the interrupt
will be enabled asynchronously with the real time change.
Therefore, the very first interrupt will occur in less than the
periodic time chosen, but after the first interrupt all subse-
quent interrupts will be spaced correctly. These interrupts
are useful when minute, second, real time reading, or task
switching is required. When all six bits are written to a 0 this
disables periodic interrupts from the Main Status Register
and the interrupt pin.
D6 and D7: These are individual timer enable bits. A one
written to these bits enable the timers to generate interrupts
to the mP.
INTERRUPT CONTROL REGISTER 1
TL/F/863821
D0 D5: Each of these bits are enable bits which will enable
a comparison between an individual clock counter and its
associated compare RAM. If any bit is a zero then that
clock-RAM comparator is set to the ‘‘always equal’’ state
and the associated TIME COMPARE RAM byte can be used
as general purpose RAM. However, to ensure that an alarm
interrupt is not generated at bit D3 of the Main Status Regis-
ter, all bits must be written to a logic zero.
D6: In order to generate an external alarm compare inter-
rupt to the mP from bit D3 of the Main Status Register, this
bit must be written to a logic 1. If battery backed mode is
selected and the DP8570A is in standby (VBB lVCC), then
this bit is controlled by D4 of the Real Time Mode Register.
D7: The MSB of this register is the enable bit for the Power
Fail Interrupt. When this bit is set to a one an interrupt will
be generated to the mP when PFAIL e0. If battery backed
mode is selected and the DP8570A is in standby
(VBB lVCC), then this bit is controlled by D4 of the Real
Time Mode Register.
This bit also enables the low battery detection analog cir-
cuitry.
If the user wishes to mask the power fail interrupt, but utilize
the analog circuitry, this bit should be enabled, and the
Routing Register can be used to route the interrupt to the
MFO pin. The MFO pin can then be left open or configured
as the Timer 0 or buffered oscillator output.
19
Control and Status Register Address Bit Map
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
1. Reset by
Main Status Register PS e0RS
e
0 ADDRESS e00H
writing
R/W R/W R/W1R/W1R/W1R/W1R2R3
1 to bit.
Page Register Timer 1 Timer 0 Alarm Periodic Power Fail Interrupt 2. Set/reset by
Select Select Interrupt Interrupt Interrupt Interrupt Interrupt Status voltage at
PFAIL pin.
3. Reset when
all pending
interrupts
are removed.
Timer 0 Control Register PS e0RS
e
0 Address e01H
Count Hold Timer Input Clock Input Clock Input Clock Mode Mode Timer All Bits R/W
Gate Read Select C2 Select C1 Select C0 Select M1 Select M0 Start/Stop
Timer 1 Control Register PS e0RS
e
0 Address e02H
Count Hold Timer Input Clock Input Clock Input Clock Mode Mode Timer All Bits R/W
Gate Read Select C2 Select C1 Select C0 Select M1 Select M0 Start/Stop
Periodic Flag Register PS e0RS
e
0 Address e03H
4. Read Osc fail
R/W R/W4R5R5R5R5R5R5
Write 0 Batt-
Test Osc. Fail/ 1 ms 10 ms 100 ms Seconds 10 Second Minute Backed Mode
Mode Single Supply Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Write 1 Single
Supply Mode
5. Reset by
positive edge
of read.
Interrupt Routing Register PS e0RS
e
0 Address e04H
R/W R6R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W
Time Save Low Battery Power Fail Timer 1 Timer 0 Alarm Periodic Power Fail 6. Set and reset
by VBB
Enable Flag Delay Int. Route Int. Route Int. Route Int. Route Int. Route
voltage.
Enable MFO/INT MFO/INT MFO/INT MFO/INT MFO/INT
Real Time Mode Register PS e0RS
e
1 Address e01H
Crystal Crystal Timers EN Interrupt EN Clock 12/24 Hr. Leap Year Leap Year All Bits R/W
Freq. XT1 Freq. XT0 on Back-Up on Back-Up Start/Stop Mode MSB LSB
Output Mode Register PS e0RS
e
1 Address e02H
MFO as MFO as MFO MFO INTR INTR T1 T1 All Bits R/W
Crystal Timer 0 PP/OD Active HI/LO PP/OD Active HI/LO PP/OD Active HI/LO
Interrupt Control Register 0 PS e0RS
e
1 Address e03H
Timer 1 Timer 0 1 ms 10 ms 100 ms Seconds 10 Second Minute
Interrupt Interrupt Interrupt Interrupt Interrupt Interrupt Interrupt Interrupt All Bits R/W
Enable Enable Enable Enable Enable Enable Enable Enable
Interrupt Control Register 1 PS e0RS
e
1 Address e04H
Power Fail Alarm DOW Month DOM Hours Minute Second
Interrupt Interrupt Interrupt Interrupt Interrupt Interrupt Interrupt Interrupt All Bits R/W
Enable Enable Enable Enable Enable Enable Enable Enable
20
Application Hints
Suggested Initialization Procedure for DP8570A in bat-
tery backed applications that use the VBB pin
1. Enter the test mode by writinga1tobitD7inthePeriod-
ic Flag Register.
2. Write zero to the RAM/TEST mode Register located in
page 0, address HEX 1F.
3. Leave the test mode by writinga0tobitD7inthePeriod-
ic Flag Register. Steps 1, 2, 3 guarantee that if the test
mode had been entered during power on (due to random
pulses from the system), all test mode conditions are
cleared. Most important is that the OSC Fail Disable bit is
cleared. Refer to AN-589 for more information on test
mode operation.
4. After power on (VCC and VBB powered), select the cor-
rect crystal frequency bits (D7, D6 in the Real Time Mode
Register) as shown in Table I.
TABLE I
Frequency D7 D6
32.768 kHz 0 0
4.194304 MHz 0 1
4.9152 MHz 1 0
32.0 kHz 1 1
5. Enter a software loop that does the following:
Set a 3 second (approx.) software counter. The crystal
oscillator may take 1 second to start.
5.1 Writea1tobitD3intheReal Time Mode Register
(try to start the clock). Make sure the crystal select
bits remain the same as in step 1. Under normal
operation, this bit can be set only if the oscillator is
running. During the software loop, RAM, real time
counters, output configuration, interrupt control and
timer functions may be initialized.
6. Test bit D6 in the Periodic Flag Register:
IFa1, go to 5.1. If this bit remains a 1 after 3 seconds,
then abort and check hardware. The crystal may be de-
fective or not installed. There may be a short at OSC IN
or OSC OUT to VCC or GND, or to some impedance that
is less than 10 MX.
IFa0, then the oscillator is running, go to step 7.
7. Writea0tobitD6inthePeriodic Flag Register. This
action puts the clock chip in the battery backed mode.
This mode can be entered only if the osc fail flag (bit D6
of the Periodic Flag Register) is a 0. Reminder, Bit D6 is
a dual function bit. When read, D6 returns oscillator
status. When written, D6 causes either the Battery
Backed Mode, or the Single Supply Mode of operation.
The only method to ensure the chip is in the battery
backed mode is to measure the waveform at the OSC
OUT pin. If the battery backed mode was selected suc-
cessfully, then the peak to peak waveform at OSC OUT
is referenced to the battery voltage. If not in battery
backed mode, the waveform is referenced to VCC. The
measurement should be made with a high impedance
low capacitance probe (10 MX, 10 pF oscilloscope
probe or better). Typical peak to peak swings are within
0.6V of VCC and ground respectively.
8. Writea1tobitD7ofInterrupt Control Register 1. This
action enables the PFAIL pin and associated circuitry.
9. Writea1tobitD4oftheReal Time Mode Register. This
action ensures that bit D7 of Interrupt Control Register 1
remains a 1 when VBB lVCC (Standby Mode).
10. Initialize the rest of the chip as needed.
Typical Application
TL/F/863822
*These components may be necessary to meet UL requirements
for lithium batteries. Consult battery manufacturer.
21
Appendix A
TL/F/863830
FIGURE A1. Typical Interface Where the ‘‘Write Strobe’’ is Synchronized to the Decrementing Clock of the Timer
22
Typical Performance Characteristics
Operating Current vs
Supply Voltage
(Single Supply Mode
FOSC e32.768 kHz)
TL/F/863826
Operating Current vs
Supply Voltage
(Battery Backed Mode
FOSC e32.768 kHz)
TL/F/863827
Standby Current vs Power
Supply Voltage
(FOSC e32.768 kHz)
TL/F/863828
Standby Current vs Power
Supply Voltage
FOSC e4.194304 MHz
TL/F/863829
23
24
Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters)
Molded Dual-In-Line Package (N)
Order Number DP8570AN
NS Package Number N28B
25
DP8570A Timer Clock Peripheral (TCP)
Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) (Continued)
Plastic Chip Carrier Package (V)
Order Number DP8570AV
NS Package Number V28A
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