LM117HV,LM317HV LM117HV/LM317HV 3-Terminal Adjustable Regulator Literature Number: SNVS773B LM117HV/LM317HV 3-Terminal Adjustable Regulator General Description The LM117HV/LM317HV are adjustable 3-terminal positive voltage regulators capable of supplying in excess of 1.5A over a 1.2V to 57V output range. They are exceptionally easy to use and require only two external resistors to set the output voltage. Further, both line and load regulation are better than standard fixed regulators. Also, the LM117HV is packaged in standard transistor packages which are easily mounted and handled. In addition to higher performance than fixed regulators, the LM117HV series offers full overload protection available only in IC's. Included on the chip are current limit, thermal overload protection and safe area protection. All overload protection circuitry remains fully functional even if the adjustment terminal is disconnected. Normally, no capacitors are needed unless the device is situated more than 6 inches from the input filter capacitors in which case an input bypass is needed. An optional output capacitor can be added to improve transient response. The adjustment terminal can be bypassed to achieve very high ripple rejections ratios which are difficult to achieve with standard 3-terminal regulators. Besides replacing fixed regulators, the LM117HV is useful in a wide variety of other applications. Since the regulator is "floating" and sees only the input-to-output differential voltage, supplies of several hundred volts can be regulated as long as the maximum input to output differential is not exceeded, i.e. do not short the output to ground. Also, it makes an especially simple adjustable switching regulator, a programmable output regulator, or by connecting a fixed resistor between the adjustment and output, the LM117HV can be used as a precision current regulator. Supplies with electronic shutdown can be achieved by clamping the adjustment terminal to ground which programs the output to 1.2V where most loads draw little current. The LM117HVK STEEL and LM317HVK STEEL are packaged in standard TO-3 transistor packages, while the LM117HVH and LM317HVH are packaged in a solid Kovar base TO-39 transistor package. The LM317HVT uses a TO-220 plastic package. The LM117HV is rated for operation from -55C to +150C, and the LM317HV from 0C to +125C. Features n n n n n n n n n n n Adjustable output down to 1.2V Guaranteed 1.5A output current Line regulation typically 0.01%/V Load regulation typically 0.1% Current limit constant with temperature 100% electrical burn-in Eliminates the need to stock many voltages Standard 3-lead transistor package 80 dB ripple rejection Output is short-circuit protected P+ Product Enhancement tested Connection Diagrams (See Physical Dimension section for further information) (TO-3) Metal Can Package (TO-39) Metal Can Package 00906230 00906229 Case is Output Bottom View Order Number LM117HVKSTL/883 See NS Package Number K02C Order Number LM317HVK STEEL See NS Package Number K02A (c) 2004 National Semiconductor Corporation DS009062 Case is Output Bottom View Order Number LM117HVH, LM117HVH/883 or LM317HVH See NS Package Number H03A www.national.com LM117HV/LM317HV 3-Terminal Adjustable Regulator April 2000 LM117HV/LM317HV Connection Diagrams (See Physical Dimension section for further information) (Continued) (TO-220) Plastic Package 00906231 Front View Order Number LM317HVT See NS Package Number T03B Typical Applications 1.2V-45V Adjustable Regulator 00906201 Full output current not available at high input-output voltages Optional -- improves transient response. Output capacitors in the range of 1 F to 1000 F of aluminum or tantalum electrolytic are commonly used to provide improved output impedance and rejection of transients. *Needed if device is more than 6 inches from filter capacitors. www.national.com 2 (Continued) LM117HV/LM317HV Typical Applications 5V Logic Regulator with Electronic Shutdown* Digitally Selected Outputs 00906203 *Min. output 1.2V 00906202 *Sets maximum VOUT 3 www.national.com LM117HV/LM317HV Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1) Operating Junction Temperature Range LM117HV If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/ Distributors for availability and specifications. Internally limited Input -- Output Voltage Differential 0C to +125C Storage Temperature (Note 4) Power Dissipation -55C to +150C LM317HV -65C to +150C Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec.) 300C ESD Tolerance (Note 5) 2000V +60V, -0.3V Electrical Characteristics (Note 2) Parameter Conditions LM117HV Min Line Regulation TJ = 25C, 3V VIN - VOUT 60V LM317HV Typ Max 0.01 Min Units Typ Max 0.02 0.01 0.04 %/V (Note 3) IL = 10 mA Load Regulation TJ = 25C, 10 mA IOUT IMAX 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.5 % Thermal Regulation TJ = 25C, 20 ms Pulse 0.03 0.07 0.04 0.07 %/W 50 100 50 100 A 0.2 5 0.2 5 A 1.25 1.30 1.25 1.30 V 0.02 0.05 0.02 0.07 %/V 0.3 1 0.3 1.5 % Adjustment Pin Current Adjustment Pin Current Change 10 mA IL IMAX Reference Voltage 3.0 V (VIN - VOUT) 60V, (Note 4) 3.0 V (VIN - VOUT) 60V 1.20 1.20 10 mA IOUT IMAX, P PMAX Line Regulation 3.0V (VIN - VOUT) 60V, Load Regulation 10 mA IOUT IMAX (Note 3) Temperature Stability TMIN TJ TMAX Minimum Load Current (VIN - VOUT) = 60V Current Limit (VIN - VOUT) 15V IL = 10 mA, (Note 3) 1 1 3.5 7 % 3.5 12 mA K, T Packages 1.5 2.2 3.5 1.5 2.2 3.7 A H Package 0.5 0.8 1.8 0.5 0.8 1.9 A (VIN - VOUT) 60V K, T Packages 0.3 0.3 A H Package 0.03 0.03 A 0.003 0.003 % 65 65 dB 80 dB RMS Output Noise, % of VOUT TJ = 25C, 10 Hz f 10 kHz Ripple Rejection Ratio VOUT = 10V, f = 120 Hz CADJ = 10 F 66 80 66 Long-Term Stability TJ = 125C 0.3 1 0.3 1 % Thermal Resistance, H Package 12 15 12 15 C/W Junction to Case T Package 4 5 C/W K Package 2.3 3 2.3 3 C/W Thermal Resistance, H Package 140 Junction to Ambient T Package (no heat sink) K Package 35 140 C/W 50 C/W 35 C/W Note 1: "Absolute Maximum Ratings" indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is functional, but do not guarantee specific performance limits. Note 2: Unless otherwise specified, these specifications apply: -55C TJ +150C for the LM117HV, and 0C TJ +125C for the LM317HV; VIN - VOUT = 5V and IOUT = 0.1A for the TO-39 package and IOUT = 0.5A for the TO-3 and TO-220 packages. Although power dissipation is internally limited, these specifications are applicable for power dissipations of 2W for the TO-39 and 20W for the TO-3 and TO-220. IMAX is 1.5A for the TO-3 and TO-220 and 0.5A for the TO-39 package. Note 3: Regulation is measured at constant junction temperature. Changes in output voltage due to heating effects must be taken into account separately. Pulse testing with low duty cycle is used. Note 4: Refer to RETS117HVH for LM117HVH or RETS117HVK for LM117HVK military specificatioins. Note 5: Human body model, 1.5 k in series with 100 pF. www.national.com 4 LM117HV/LM317HV Typical Performance Characteristics Output capacitor = 0 F unless otherwise noted. Load Regulation Current Limit 00906232 00906233 Adjustment Current Dropout Voltage 00906235 00906234 Temperature Stability Minimum Operating Current 00906236 00906237 5 www.national.com LM117HV/LM317HV Typical Performance Characteristics Output capacitor = 0 F unless otherwise noted. Ripple Rejection Ripple Rejection 00906238 00906239 Ripple Rejection Output Impedance 00906240 00906241 Line Transient Response Load Transient Response 00906242 www.national.com (Continued) 00906243 6 In operation, the LM117HV develops a nominal 1.25V reference voltage, VREF, between the output and adjustment terminal. The reference voltage is impressed across program resistor R1 and, since the voltage is constant, a constant current I1 then flows through the output set resistor R2, giving an output voltage of LOAD REGULATION The LM117HV is capable of providing extremely good load regulation but a few precautions are needed to obtain maximum performance. The current set resistor connected between the adjustment terminal and the output terminal (usually 240) should be tied directly to the output of the regulator rather than near the load. This eliminates line drops from appearing effectively in series with the reference and degrading regulation. For example, a 15V regulator with 0.05 resistance between the regulator and load will have a load regulation due to line resistance of 0.05 x IL. If the set resistor is connected near the load the effective line resistance will be 0.05 (1 + R2/R1) or in this case, 11.5 times worse. Figure 2 shows the effect of resistance between the regulator and 240 set resistor. 00906205 FIGURE 1. Since the 100 A current from the adjustment terminal represents an error term, the LM117HV was designed to minimize IADJ and make it very constant with line and load changes. To do this, all quiescent operating current is returned to the output establishing a minimum load current requirement. If there is insufficient load on the output, the output will rise. 00906206 EXTERNAL CAPACITORS An input bypass capacitor is recommended. A 0.1 F disc or 1 F solid tantalum on the input is suitable input bypassing for almost all applications. The device is more sensitive to the absence of input bypassing when adjustment or output capacitors are used but the above values will eliminate the possiblity of problems. The adjustment terminal can be bypassed to ground on the LM117HV to improve ripple rejection. This bypass capacitor prevents ripple from being amplified as the output voltage is increased. With a 10 F bypass capacitor 80 dB ripple rejection is obtainable at any output level. Increases over 10 F do not appreciably improve the ripple rejection at frequencies above 120 Hz. If the bypass capacitor is used, it is sometimes necessary to include protection diodes to prevent the capacitor from discharging through internal low current paths and damaging the device. In general, the best type of capacitors to use are solid tantalum. Solid tantalum capacitors have low impedance even at high frequencies. Depending upon capacitor construction, it takes about 25 F in aluminum electrolytic to equal 1 F solid tantalum at high frequencies. Ceramic capacitors are also good at high frequencies; but some types have a large decrease in capacitance at frequencies around 0.5 MHz. For this reason, 0.01 F disc may seem to work better than a 0.1 F disc as a bypass. FIGURE 2. Regulator with Line Resistance in Output Lead With the TO-3 package, it is easy to minimize the resistance from the case to the set resistor, by using two separate leads to the case. However, with the TO-5 package, care should be taken to minimize the wire length of the output lead. The ground of R2 can be returned near the ground of the load to provide remote ground sensing and improve load regulation. PROTECTION DIODES When external capacitors are used with any IC regulator it is sometimes necessary to add protection diodes to prevent the capacitors from discharging through low current points into the regulator. Most 10 F capacitors have low enough internal series resistance to deliver 20A spikes when shorted. Although the surge is short, there is enough energy to damage parts of the IC. When an output capacitor is connected to a regulator and the input is shorted, the output capacitor will discharge into the output of the regulator. The discharge current depends on the value of the capacitor, the output voltage of the regulator, and the rate of decrease of VIN. In the LM117HV, this discharge path is through a large junction that is able to sustain 15A surge with no problem. This is not true of other types of positive regulators. For output capacitors of 25 F or less, there is no need to use diodes. 7 www.national.com LM117HV/LM317HV Although the LM117HV is stable with no output capacitors, like any feedback circuit, certain values of external capacitance can cause excessive ringing. This occurs with values between 500 pF and 5000 pF. A 1 F solid tantalum (or 25 F aluminum electrolytic) on the output swamps this effect and insures stability. Any increase of load capacitance larger than 10 F will merely improve the loop stability and output impedance. Application Hints LM117HV/LM317HV Application Hints (Continued) The bypass capacitor on the adjustment terminal can discharge through a low current junction. Discharge occurs when either the input or output is shorted. Internal to the LM117HV is a 50 resistor which limits the peak discharge current. No protection is needed for output voltages of 25V or less and 10 F capacitance. Figure 3 shows an LM117HV with protection diodes included for use with outputs greater than 25V and high values of output capacitance. CURRENT LIMIT Internal current limit will be activated whenever the output current exceeds the limit indicated in the Typical Performance Characteristics. However, if during a short circuit condition the regulator's differential voltage exceeds the Absolute Maximum Rating of 60V (e.g. VIN 60V, VOUT = 0V), internal junctions in the regulator may break down and the device may be damaged or fail. Failure modes range from an apparent open or short from input to output of the regulator, to a destroyed package (most common with the TO-220 package). To protect the regulator, the user is advised to be aware of voltages that may be applied to the regulator during fault conditions, and to avoid violating the Absolute Maximum Ratings. 00906207 FIGURE 3. Regulator with Protection Diodes Note: D1 protects against C1 D2 protects against C2 Schematic Diagram 00906208 www.national.com 8 LM117HV/LM317HV Typical Applications High Current Adjustable Regulator Slow Turn-On 15V Regulator 00906209 Adjustable Regulator with Improved Ripple Rejection 00906212 Solid tantalum *Minimum load current = 30 mA Optional -- improves ripple rejection 0 to 30V Regulator 00906210 Solid tantalum *Discharges C1 if output is shorted to ground High Stability 10V Regulator 00906213 Full output current not available at high input-output voltages Power Follower 00906211 00906214 9 www.national.com LM117HV/LM317HV Typical Applications (Continued) 5A Constant Voltage/Constant Current Regulator 00906215 Solid tantalum *Lights in constant current mode 1.2V-20V Regulator with Minimum Program Current 1A Current Regulator 00906216 00906217 *Minimum load current 4 mA www.national.com 10 LM117HV/LM317HV Typical Applications (Continued) High Gain Amplifier 00906218 Low Cost 3A Switching Regulator 00906219 Solid tantalum *Core -- Arnold A-254168-2 60 turns 11 www.national.com LM117HV/LM317HV Typical Applications (Continued) 4A Switching Regulator with Overload Protection 00906220 Solid tantalum *Core -- Arnold A-254168-2 60 turns Precision Current Limiter 00906221 * 0.8 R1 120 Tracking Preregulator 00906222 www.national.com 12 LM117HV/LM317HV Typical Applications (Continued) Adjustable Multiple On-Card Regulators with Single Control* 00906223 *All outputs within 100 mV Minimum load -- 10 mA 50 mA Constant Current Battery Charger AC Voltage Regulator 00906226 Adjustable 4A Regulator 00906224 12V Battery Charger 00906225 Use of RS allows low charging rates with fully charged battery. 00906227 **The 1000 F is recommended to filter out input transients 13 www.national.com LM117HV/LM317HV Typical Applications (Continued) Current Limited 6V Charger 00906228 *Sets peak current (0.6A for 1) **The 1000 F is recommended to filter out input transients www.national.com 14 LM117HV/LM317HV Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted Order Number LM117HVH, LM117HVH/883, or LM317HVH NS Package Number H03A 15 www.national.com LM117HV/LM317HV Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted (Continued) Metal Can Package (K) Order Number LM317HVK STEEL NS Package Number K02A Metal Can Package (K) Mil-Aero Product Order Number LM117HVKSTL/883 NS Package Number K02C www.national.com 16 LM117HV/LM317HV 3-Terminal Adjustable Regulator Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted (Continued) Order Number LM317HVT NS Package Number T03B National does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and National reserves the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications. 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