Copyright ANPEC Electronics Corp.
Rev. A.4 - Mar., 2008
APL1431
www.anpec.com.tw1
ANPEC reserves the right to make changes to improve reliability or manufacturability without notice, and advise
customers to obtain the latest version of relevant information to verify before placing orders.
Adjustable Precision Shunt Regulator
FeaturesGeneral Description
Applications
The APL1431 is a 3-terminal adjustable voltage refer-
ence with specified thermal stability over applicable
commercial temperature ranges. Output voltage may
be set to any value between VREF(2.5 V) and 20 V with
two external resistors (see Figure 2). When used with
an photocoupler, the APL1431 is an ideal voltage ref-
erence in isolated feedback circuits for 2.5V to 12V
switching-mode power supplies. This device has a typi-
cal output impedance of 0.1Ω. Active output circuitry
provides a very sharp turn-on characteristic, making
the APL1431 excellent replacements for zener diodes
in many applications, including on-board regulation and
adjustable power supplies.
• Precise Reference Voltage to 2.500V
• Guaranteed 0.5% or 1% Reference Voltage
Tolerance
• Sink Current Capability , 1mA to 100mA
• Quick Turn-on
• Adjustable Output Voltage , VO = VREF to 20V
• Low Operational Cathode Current , 250µA
Typical
• 0.1Ω Typical Output Impedance
• SOT-23 , SOT-89 and TO-92 Packages
• Lead Free and Green Devices Available
(RoHS Compliant)
• Linear Regulators
• Adjustable Power Supply
• Switching Power Supply
Symbol
Functional Diagram
Vref
+
_
Cathode
REF
Anode
SOT-23 (Top View)
REF
ANODE
CATHODE
1 2
3
SOT-89 (Top View)
REFANODECATHODE
1 2 3
REF
ANODE
CATHODE
1
2
3
TO-92 (Top View)
CathodeAnode
REF
Pin Configuration
Copyright ANPEC Electronics Corp.
Rev. A.4 - Mar., 2008
APL1431
www.anpec.com.tw2
Symbol Parameter Rating Unit
VKA Cathode Voltage 21 V
IK Continuous Cathode Current Range 120 mA
IREF Reference Current Range 3 mA
θJA Thermal Resistance from Junction to Ambient in Free Air
SOT-23
SOT-89
TO-
92
416
250
250
°C/W
TA Ambient Temperature Range APL1431XXC
APL1431XXI
0 to 70
-40 to 85 °C
Tj Junction Temperature Range APL1431XXC
APL1431XXI
0 to 150
-40 to 150 °C
TSTG Storage Temperature Range -65 to 150 °C
TSDR Maximum Lead Soldering Temperature, 10 Seconds 260 °C
Ordering and Marking Information
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Electrical Characteristics TA= 25°C ( unless otherwise noted)
APL1431
Symbol Parameter Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit
APL431A
2.487
2.500
2.513
VREF Reference Voltage VKA=VREF,
IK=10mA*1 APL431B
2.475
2.500
2.525
V
∆VREF/T Reference Voltage
Drift Over Temp.
Range
VKA=VREF, IK=10mA
TA= 0 to 70°C*1
TA= -40 to 85°C*1
20
30 mV
IK=10mA, VKA=VREF to 10V*2
-1.5 -3
∆VREF / ∆VKA Voltage Ratio (open
loop gain) IK=10mA, VKA=VREF to 20V*2
-1.2 -2.5 mV/V
Note: ANPEC lead-free products contain molding compounds/die attach materials and 100% matte tin plate termination finish; which
are fully compliant with RoHS. ANPEC lead-free products meet or exceed the lead-free requirements of IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020C for
MSL classification at lead-free peak reflow temperature. ANPEC defines “Green” to mean lead-free (RoHS compliant) and halogen
free (Br or Cl does not exceed 900ppm by weight in homogeneous material and total of Br and Cl does not exceed 1500ppm by
weight).
Assembly Material
Elec. Grade
A : 0.5% Reference Voltage Tolerance
B : 1% Reference Voltage Tolerance
Package Code
A : SOT-23 D : SOT-89 E : TO-92
Y : Chip Form
Temp. Range
C : 0 to 70 C I : -40 to 85 C
Handling Code
TB : Tape & Box TR : Tape & Reel
Assembly Material
L : Lead Free Device
G : Halogen and Lead Free Device
APL1431
Elec. Grade
Handling Code
Temp. Range
Package Code
° °
APL
1431
XXXXX XXXXX - Date Code
APL1431 E :
APL1431 D : APL1431
XXXXX - Date Code
XXXXX
APL1431 A : 1431
Copyright ANPEC Electronics Corp.
Rev. A.4 - Mar., 2008
APL1431
www.anpec.com.tw3
Electrical Characteristics (Cont.) TA= 25°C ( unless otherwise noted)
Test figures
Figure 1. Test Circuit for VKA=VREF , VO=VKA=VREF
Figure 2. Test Circuit for VKA>VREF,
VO= VKA= VREF× (1+R1/R2) + IREF × R1
Figure 3. Test Circuit for IK(off)
Notes :*1 : use Figure 1
*2 : use Figure 2
*3 : use Figure 3
V
IN
V
o
I
K
V
REF
V
o
V
IN
I
K(off)
V
IN
I
K
I
REF
V
REF
R1
R2
V
o
APL1431
Symbol Parameter Test Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit
IREF Reference Current IK=10mA,
R1=10kΩ, R2=open*2 1.0 3 µA
∆IREF/T Reference Current
Drift IK=10mA, R1=10kΩ,
R2=open, TA= -40 to 85°C*2
0.3 1 µA
IK(min) Min. Cathode Current
VKA=VREF*1 0.25 0.5 mA
IK(off) Off-state Cathode
Current VKA= 20V, VREF= 0V*3 0.1 1 µA
|ZKA| Dynamic Impedance VKA=VREF
IK=1mA to 100mA, f ≤1kHz*1
0.1 0.4 Ω
IK Cathode Current 100 mA
Copyright ANPEC Electronics Corp.
Rev. A.4 - Mar., 2008
APL1431
www.anpec.com.tw4
Application Circuits
Precision Voltage Reference Precision High-Current Series Regulator
Notes for Application Circuits:
1) For the series regulator applications, add a compensation capacitor C1 between CATHODE and REF is
strongly recommended to improve the stability of output voltage .
2) Set VO according to the following equation: VO = VREF(1+R1/R2)+lREF xR1
3) Choose the value for RB as follows:
A) The maximum limit for RB should be such that the cathode current (lK) is greater than the minimum
operating current (0.5mA) at VIN(MIN).
B) The minimum limit for RB should be such that the cathode current (lK) does not exceed 100mA under all
load conditions, and the instantaneous turn-on value for lK does not exceed 120mA.
VoVIN
R2
R1
VREF
RBVo
VIN
RB
VREF
R2
R1
C1
Copyright ANPEC Electronics Corp.
Rev. A.4 - Mar., 2008
APL1431
www.anpec.com.tw5
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
-50 -25 025 50 75 100 125
2.47
2.475
2.48
2.485
2.49
2.495
2.5
2.505
2.51
2.515
2.52
-50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125
Typical Characteristics
Cathode Current (µA)
Cathode Current vs. Cathode Voltage
Cathode Voltage (V)
Ambient Temperature (°C)
Reference Voltage vs. Ambient Temperature
Reference Voltage (V)
Ambient Temperature (°C)
Reference Input Current (µA)
Reference Input Current vs. Ambient Temperature
Cathode Current vs. Cathode Voltage
Cathode Voltage (V)
Cathode Current (mA)
VKA=VREF
IK=10mA
R1=10kΩ
R2=
∞
IK=10mA
0
-200
200
400
600
800
-1 0 1 2 3
IK(min)
VKA=VREF
TA=25oC
-100
-50
0
50
100
-1 0 1 2 3
VKA=VREF
TA=25oC
Copyright ANPEC Electronics Corp.
Rev. A.4 - Mar., 2008
APL1431
www.anpec.com.tw6
-2.25
-2
-1.75
-1.5
-1.25
-1
-0.75
-0.5
-0.25
0
-50 -25 025 50 75 100 125
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
-50 -25 025 50 75 100 125
345 678 9 10 11 12 13
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Typical Characteristics (Cont.)
Pulse Response
Time (µs)
Ambient Temperature (°C)
Ratio of Delta Reference Voltage to
Delta Cathode Voltage vs. Ambient
Tmperature
Ratio of Delta Reference Voltage to
Delta Cathode Voltage (mV/V)
Off-State Cathode Current vs. Ambient
Temperature
Ambient Temperature (°C)
Off-State Cathode Current (µA)
Input and Output Voltage (V)
Input
Output
VKA=20V
VREF=0VKA=VREF to 20V
IKA=10mA
-500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Cathode Voltage (V)
Off State Cathode Current (µA)
Off State Cathode Current vs.
Cathode Voltage
VREF=0
TA=25 o C
Copyright ANPEC Electronics Corp.
Rev. A.4 - Mar., 2008
APL1431
www.anpec.com.tw7
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0.01 0.1 110
Typical Characteristics (Cont.)
Stability Boundary Conditions
Load Capacitance (µF)
Cathode Current (mA)
VKA=VREF
VKA=3.3V
Stable
Stable
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
110 100 1000
Frequency (kHz)
Small-Signal Voltage Amplification (dB)
Small-Signal Voltage Amplification vs.
Frequency
VIN
R1
R2
VO
CL
IK
VIN VO
CL
IK
VIN
15k
8.25k
VO
10uF
232
Voltage Amplification
Test Circuit
Stability Test Circuit for VKA=VREF
Stability Test Circuit for VKA>VREF,
VO= VKA= VREF x (1+R1/R2) + IREF x R1
Use the MLCC for CL
10k
Ω
Ω
Ω
Ω
150
150
Ω
Ω
Unstable
Copyright ANPEC Electronics Corp.
Rev. A.4 - Mar., 2008
APL1431
www.anpec.com.tw8
1k 200k2k 5k 10k 20k 50k 100k
100m
1
200m
300m
500m
Reference Impedance (Ω)
Reference Impedance vs. Frequency
Frequency (Hz)
IK=10mA
TA=25°C
Typical Characteristics (Cont.)
Copyright ANPEC Electronics Corp.
Rev. A.4 - Mar., 2008
APL1431
www.anpec.com.tw9
Package Information
SOT-23-3
0
L
VIEW A
0.25
GAUGE PLANE
SEATING PLANE
A
A2A1
e
D
E
E1
SEE
VIEW A
bc
e1
MAX.
0.057
0.051
0.024
0.006
0.009
0.0200.012
L0.30
0
e
e1
E1
E
D
c
b
0.08
0.30
0.60 0.012
0.95 BSC
1.90 BSC
0.22
0.50
0.037 BSC
0.075 BSC
0.003
MIN.
MILLIMETERS
S
Y
M
B
O
L
A1
A2
A
0.00
0.90
SOT-23
MAX.
1.45
0.15
1.30
MIN.
0.000
0.035
INCHES
°
8
°
0
°
8
°
0
1.40
2.60
1.80
3.00
2.70 3.10 0.122
0.071
0.1180.102
0.055
0.106
Note : Dimension D and E1 do not include mold flash, protrusions or gate
burrs. Mold flash, protrusion or gate burrs shall not exceed 10 mil
per side.
Copyright ANPEC Electronics Corp.
Rev. A.4 - Mar., 2008
APL1431
www.anpec.com.tw10
Package Information
SOT-89
S
Y
M
B
OMIN. MAX.
MILLIMETERS
SOT-89
MIN. MAX.
INCHES
A
C
e1
e
B
B1
D
D1
H
EL
E1
1.60
0.44
0.35 0.44
4.40 4.60
1.62 1.83
0.56
2.13
A
B
C
D
D1
E
E1
e
e1
B1 0.36 0.48
3.00 BSC
3.94 4.25
2.29 2.60
2.29
0.118 BSC
0.063
0.017
0.014 0.019
0.014 0.017
0.173 0.181
0.064 0.072
0.084
0.155 0.167
0.090 0.102
0.090
0.022
L0.89 0.035
H
1.50 BSC 0.059 BSC
1.40
1.20 0.047
0.055
L
Note : Follow JEDEC TO-243 AA.
Copyright ANPEC Electronics Corp.
Rev. A.4 - Mar., 2008
APL1431
www.anpec.com.tw11
Package Information
TO-92
j
D
E
S
j
L
e
e1
A
b
S
Y
M
B
O
LMIN. MAX.
5.33
3.18 4.19
2.42 2.66
0.53
3.43
A
b
E
e
e1
j
L
S
MILLIMETERS
D4.45 5.20
TO-92
12.70
2.03 2.66
MIN. MAX.
INCHES
0.210
0.175 0.205
0.125 0.165
0.095 0.105
0.135
0.500
0.080 0.105
4.32 0.170
0.021
0.055
1.15 1.39 0.045
0.41 0.016
Note : FollowJEDEC TO-92.
4.00 0.157
0.591
15.00
Copyright ANPEC Electronics Corp.
Rev. A.4 - Mar., 2008
APL1431
www.anpec.com.tw12
Carrier Tape & Reel Dimensions
Application
A H T1 C d D W E1 F
178.0±
2.00
50 MIN.
8.4+2.00
-0.00
13.0+0.50
-0.20
1.5 MIN.
20.2 MIN.
8.0±
0.30
1.75±
0.10
3.5±
0.05
P0 P1 P2 D0 D1 T A0 B0 K0
SOT-23-3
4.0±
0.10
4.0±
0.10
2.0±
0.10
1.5+0.10
-0.00
1.5 MIN.
0.6+0.00
-0.40
3.20±
0.20
3.10±
0.20
1.50±
0.20
Application
A H T1 C d D W E1 F
178.0±2.00
50 MIN.
8.4+2.00
-0.00
13.0+0.50
-0.20
1.5 MIN.
20.2 MIN.
12.0±0.30
1.75±0.10
5.50±0.05
P0 P1 P2 D0 D1 T A0 B0 K0
SOT-89
4.0±0.10
8.0±0.10
2.0±0.10
1.5+0.10
-0.00
1.5 MIN.
0.6+0.00
-0.40
4.80±0.20
4.50±0.20
1.80±0.20
(mm)
H
T1
A
d
A
E1
A
B
W
F
T
P0
OD0
BA0
P2
K0
B0
SECTION B-B
SECTION A-A
OD1
P1
Copyright ANPEC Electronics Corp.
Rev. A.4 - Mar., 2008
APL1431
www.anpec.com.tw13
Reflow Condition (IR/Convection or VPR Reflow)
t 25 C to Peak
tp
Ramp-up
tL
Ramp-down
ts
Preheat
Tsmax
Tsmin
TL
TP
25
Temperature
Time
Critical Zone
TL to TP
°
Carrier Tape & Box Dimensions
Copyright ANPEC Electronics Corp.
Rev. A.4 - Mar., 2008
APL1431
www.anpec.com.tw14
Profile Feature Sn-Pb Eutectic Assembly Pb-Free Assembly
Average ramp-up rate
(TL to TP) 3°C/second max. 3°C/second max.
Preheat
- Temperature Min (Tsmin)
- Temperature Max (Tsmax)
- Time (min to max) (ts)
100°C
150°C
60-120 seconds
150°C
200°C
60-180 seconds
Time maintained above:
- Temperature (TL)
- Time (tL) 183°C
60-150 seconds 217°C
60-150 seconds
Peak/Classification Temperature (Tp)
See table 1 See table 2
Time within 5°C of actual
Peak Temperature (tp) 10-30 seconds 20-40 seconds
Ramp-down Rate 6°C/second max. 6°C/second max.
Time 25°C to Peak Temperature 6 minutes max. 8 minutes max.
Note: All temperatures refer to topside of the package. Measured on the body surface.
Classification Reflow Profiles
Test item Method Description
SOLDERABILITY MIL-STD-883D-2003 245°C, 5 sec
HOLT MIL-STD-883D-1005.7 1000 Hrs Bias @125°C
PCT JESD-22-B, A102 168 Hrs, 100%RH, 121°C
TST MIL-STD-883D-1011.9 -65°C~150°C, 200 Cycles
ESD MIL-STD-883D-3015.7 VHBM > 2KV, VMM > 200V
Latch-Up JESD 78 10ms, 1tr > 100mA
Reliability Test Program
Devices Per Unit
Package Type Unit Quantity
SOT-23-3 Tape & Reel 3000
SOT-89 Tape & Reel 1000
TO-92 Tape & Box 2000
Copyright ANPEC Electronics Corp.
Rev. A.4 - Mar., 2008
APL1431
www.anpec.com.tw15
Table 2. Pb-free Process – Package Classification Reflow Temperatures
Package Thickness Volume mm3
<350 Volume mm3
350-2000 Volume mm3
>2000
<1.6 mm 260 +0°C* 260 +0°C* 260 +0°C*
1.6 mm – 2.5 mm 260 +0°C* 250 +0°C* 245 +0°C*
≥2.5 mm 250 +0°C* 245 +0°C* 245 +0°C*
* Tolerance: The device manufacturer/supplier shall assure process compatibility up to and including the stated
classification temperature (this means Peak reflow temperature +0°C. For example 260°C+0°C) at the rated MSL
level.
Customer Service
Anpec Electronics Corp.
Head Office :
No.6, Dusing 1st Road, SBIP,
Hsin-Chu, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Tel : 886-3-5642000
Fax : 886-3-5642050
Taipei Branch :
2F, No. 11, Lane 218, Sec 2 Jhongsing Rd.,
Sindian City City, Taipei County 23146, Taiwan
Tel : 886-2-2910-3838
Fax : 886-2-2917-3838
Table 1. SnPb Eutectic Process – Package Peak Reflow Temperatures
Package Thickness Volume mm3
<350 Volume mm3
≥350
<2.5 mm 240 +0/-5°C 225 +0/-5°C
≥2.5 mm 225 +0/-5°C 225 +0/-5°C
Classification Reflow Profiles (Cont.)
